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The tr command transliterates the characters in its input. A common use is for case conversion. For example:
cat doc1.txt | tr a-z A-Z
converts lower case to upper case, and the following does the reverse:
cat doc2.txt | tr A-Z a-z
The following example prints one word per line from a normal English text file, where word is any sequence of upper/lower case letters and the apostrophe.
tr -cs "A-Za-z'" "[\n*]"